0 Summary of the story of Soekarno's film

Story of the struggle of the Proclamator

This story tells about the struggle of the Proclamator of the Republic of Indonesia, Ir. Soekarno. Ir. Soekarno or more familiarly called Bung Karno was born in Blitar, on June 6, 1901. The first name of Bung Karno was Kusno Sosrodihardjo. The name Kusno Sosrodihardjo was changed to the name of Sukarno, because when he used the name Kusno, he was often sick. So that the two parents changed their names to Sukarno, and were expected to have the character of a knight like Duke of Karno.

       After growing up, Bung Karno began to realize that his country was being colonized. The abundant yields of plants and spices, half of which must be left to the Dutch. From the oppression, Bung Karno began to think and study speeches to be delivered to the public with the aim of fighting against Dutch colonialism. Bung Karno actively practiced speeches, and to its peak, Bung Karno addressed the crowd with the aim of fighting Dutch colonialism. Because Bung Karno's speech cornered the Dutch, finally Bung Karno was imprisoned for two years and exiled to ND, then to Bengkulu. After being exiled and released, the spirit of Bung Karno was even more intense to free the suffering of the people of Indonesia.

       Bung Karno married a woman named Inggit Ganarsih, who was 12 years younger than Bung Karno. But during his marriage, Inggit and Bung Karno were not yet blessed with a child. As time went on, Bung Karno met a beautiful woman named Fatmawati. After divorcing his wife, Bung Karno applied for Fatmawati and married her. Together with Fatmawati, Bung Karno was blessed with a child named Guntur Soekarno Poetra.

       At that time, Japanese invaders entered the territory of Indonesia, repelling the Dutch colonizers. There was a system of forced labor, namely making the road Anyer to Penarukan. This event, many Indonesians died. Because they work nonstop and are not fed. Finally, Japan has mercy on the people of Indonesia. Because, the Indonesian people have helped a lot in Japan, and Japan has established independence for the people of Indonesia. Two days before reading the text of the Proclamation, Bung Karno and Bung Hatta were kidnapped by PUTRA to Rengasdengklok. However, on August 16, 1945, Japan allowed Ir. Soekarno to proclaim the independence of the Republic of Indonesia in Jakarta, which is now the Capital of the Republic of Indonesia.

0 KATA-KATA SEDIH,CINTA DAN MOTIVASI DLL

15 KATA ELIT

1.     Believe in yourself even though you are in sadness because the greatest motivator in your life is you yourself.

2.     If I could reach up and hold a star for every time you’ve made me smile, the entire evening sky would be in the palm of my hand.

3.     When you want to give up, look at back and then see how far you have climbed to reach your goals.

4.     People cry not because they are weak. But, they cried because they had tried hard for a long time.

5.     Maybe now you're alone. But someday, you will meet your friends! A friend who will protect you! Nothing in this world is born alone!

6.     Don't be angry because of what you can't do. Do the best you can do, live confidently and happily, because there are some people who can't do it

7.     No one has the ability to do something perfect. But each person is given a lot of opportunity to do something right.

8.     I really dont care about what anyone think of me every time and every where. I am who i am, i don’t live to please you and my life is not from you

9.     Happiness is not about getting what you want all the time and do what you like, it is about loving what you have and being grateful for it to God for giving it

10. If you can dream it, you can do it.

11. There is only one thing that makes a dream impossible to achieve: the fear of failure.

12. I wish I could turn back the clock. I’d find you sooner and love you longer.

13. Every moment I spent with you is like a beautiful dream come true.

14.I believe in love at first sight, because i love my Mom since i opened my eyes.

15.When you have your mothers dua's, you stand againts the world.

0 Pronouns

What is a Pronoun?

A pronoun is defined as a word or phrase that is used as a substitution for a noun or noun phrase, which is known as the pronoun’s antecedent. Pronouns are short words and can do everything that nouns can do and are one of the building blocks of a sentence. Common pronouns are he, she, you, me, I, we, us, this, them, that. A pronoun can act as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, and more and takes the place of any person, place, animal or thing. So coffee becomes it, Barbara becomes she, Jeremy becomes he, the team becomes they, and in a sentence, Barbara drinks a cup of coffee every afternoon could become she drinks a cup of it every afternoon, or even she drinks it every afternoon, where the it would substitute the cup of coffee, not just the coffee.

Without pronouns, we’d constantly have to repeat nouns, and that would make our speech and writing repetitive, not to mention cumbersome. Without pronouns, Barbara drinks a cup of coffee every afternoon, she likes to have it before dinner would be Barbara drinks a cup of coffee every afternoon, Barbara likes to have the cup of coffee before dinner. Using pronouns helps the flow of sentences and makes them more interesting

• He
• It
• You
• I
• They
• We
• Who
• Him
• Them
• Whoever
• Anyone
• Something
• Nobody

Pronoun examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

1. Billy, Caren, and I were playing poker with friends -> We were playing poker with friends.
2. Ellie loves watching movies. -> She loves watching movies, especially if they are comedies.
3. Will Daniel be going to the circus with Sarah? -> Will he be going there with her?

As mentioned, pronouns are usually used to replace nouns, however they can also stand in for certain adverbs, adjectives, and other pronouns. Almost anytime you refer to a person, animal, place or thing, you can use pronouns to add interest and make your speech or writing flow better.

In nearly all cases, a pronoun must follow an expression called an antecedent. This basically means that a pronoun can only really be understood in the context of prior information about the noun. For example, if we use the pronoun she in a sentence, we will only be able to understand it if we know who she is, thus an antecedent, perhaps giving the person’s name, is usually supplied first. In the example above Barbara drinks a cup of coffee every afternoon, if we had never mentioned Barbara or what she drinks, it would be unclear if we said, She drinks it every afternoon. Your reader would be confused and wonder who she is and what does she drink, wine, water, lemonade?

Once Barbara has been mentioned, we would use the pronouns she and her later in the writing in order to stop repeating the proper noun Barbara and possessive proper noun Barbara’s.
Barbara went to the restaurant for dinner with her (Barbara’s) friends. She (Barbara) was very hungry, but her (Barbara’s) friends would not stop chatting. Eventually, Barbara decided to take matters into her (Barbara’s) own hands and she (Barbara) demanded that they(Barbara’s friends) stop talking.

Imagine how that sentence would read if it kept repeating Barbara and Barbara’s. Pronouns have acted to make the writing tighter and, arguably, much more elegant. This is just a basic example of the use of pronouns, they act in many ways to help make speech and writing more lucid and dynamic.

Types of Pronouns

Pronouns can be divided into numerous categories including:

• Indefinite pronouns – those referring to one or more unspecified objects, beings, or places, such as someone, anybody, nothing. Notice in the examples below that there is no set position for where an indefinite pronoun will appear in a sentence.
  Indefinite pronoun examples:
  1. Anyone
  2. Somebody
  3. Whichever
  4. Whoever
  5. Other
  6. Something
  7. Nobody
  Indefinite pronoun examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.
  • Would anyone like a coffee?
  • Take whatever you like. Jamie took one cookie and Ben took the other.
  • Whoever owns this is in big trouble! I want someone to move this now.
  Indefinite pronouns can also be used to create sentences that are almost abstract. Examples could include: this, all, such and something.
  • All was not lost.
  • Such is life.
  • Something tells me this won’t end well.
• Personal pronouns – those associated with a certain person, thing, or group; all except you have distinct forms that indicate singular or plural number. Personal pronouns are always specific and are often used to replace a proper noun (someone’s name) or a collective group of people or things. Personal pronouns have two main groups, one referring to the subject of the sentence and one to the object.
  The first is used to replace the subject of the sentence: I, you, he, she, it, we, you and they. Notice that you is repeated as you can be singular, addressing one person, or plural, addressing a group of people.
  Personal pronoun examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.
  • Jack and David are friends. They play basketball together.
  • I have more money than he
  • We will be late if you don’t hurry up.
  The second group of pronouns replaces the object of the sentence: me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them. Consider the sentence again:
  We will be late if you don’t hurry up.
  In the above example, we is the subject of the sentence, but you is the object. Other examples of pronouns replacing the object:
  • Peter sang the song to me.
  • Missing the train will cause us to be late.
  She packed them tightly in the suitcase.
• Reflexive pronouns – those preceded by the adverb, adjective, pronoun, or noun to which they refer, and ending in –self or –selves. Reflexive pronouns are used to refer back to the subject or clause of a sentence. The list of reflexive pronouns includes: Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves. 
  Reflexive pronoun examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.
  • Count yourselves
  • Annie only had herself to blame.
  Peter and Paul had baked themselves cakes.
• Demonstrative pronouns – those used to point to something specific within a sentence. There are only four demonstrative pronouns – this, that, these, those – but the usage can be a bit tricky at times. This and that are singular, whereas these and those are plural. As you may have noticed, there can be some crossover with indefinite pronouns when using this and that.
  Demonstrative pronoun examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.
  • I prefer this.
  • These are beautiful, but those belong to Danny.
  • Did you see that?
  While it can be confusing, this, that, these and those can sometimes be used as demonstrative adjectives. The difference between the two is that a demonstrative pronoun replaces the noun and a demonstrative adjective qualifies the noun.
  I prefer this photo. These flowers are beautiful, but those vases belong to Danny. Did you see that rainbow?
  It should be clear that this, that, these and those in the example above are not pronouns because they are being used to qualify the noun, but not replace it. A good trick for remembering the difference is that a demonstrative pronoun would still make sense if the word one or ones followed it in the sentence.
  I prefer this (one). These (ones) are beautiful. Did you see that (one)? Those (ones) belong to Danny.
• Possessive pronouns – those designating possession or ownership. Examples include: mine, its, hers, his, yours, ours, theirs, whose.Consider the example:
  • This cat is mine.
  Mine is indicating possession, that the cat belongs to me. Incidentally, this in the sentence is not a pronoun but demonstrative adjective as it qualifies the noun cat. You will find that possessive pronouns often follow phrases that contain demonstrative adjectives.
  Possessive pronoun examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.
  • Are these bananas yours?
  • This money is ours.
  Is the fault theirs or yours?
• Relative pronouns –those which refer to nouns mentioned previously, acting to introduce an adjective (relative) clause. They will usually appear after a noun to help clarify the sentence or give extra information. Examples include: who, which, that, whom, whose. Consider the following sentence:
  The man who stole the car went to jail. The relative pronoun who acts to refer back to the noun man. It acts to open a clause by identifying the man as not just any man, but the one who stole the car.Relative pronoun examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.
  • The table, which sits in the hallway, is used for correspondence.
  • The car that crashed into the wall was blue.
  • This is the woman, whose key you found.
• Interrogative pronouns –Those which introduce a question. Examples include: who, whom, whose, what, which. We can usually identify an interrogative pronoun by the fact that they often appear at the beginning of a question.
  Interrogative pronoun examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.
  • Who will come to the party?
  • Which do you prefer?
  • What do you need?
  • Whose clothes are on the floor?
  • Whom did you tell?
  Whom and who are often confused, and even native speakers will use them incorrectly. Who will replace the subject of a sentence, whereas whom will replace the direct or indirect object. A good tip for deciding which to use is that you can replace who in the sentence with a personal pronoun and it will still make sense. Who will come to the party? I will come to the party. The same system would not work for Whom did you tell? I did you tell.
• Reciprocal pronouns –Those expressing mutual actions or relationship; i.e. one another.
  There are just two reciprocal pronouns in English: one another and each other. They are mainly used to stop unnecessary repetition in a sentence, but also to reinforce the idea that collective and reciprocal actions are happening to more than one person or thing.John and Mary gave each other gifts. Using each other allows us the sentence to be more efficient than: John gave Mary a gift and Mary gave a gift to John. The countries worked with one another on national security. In this example, one another works to suggest that the action of working is being reciprocated back and forth by more than one country.
  Reciprocal pronoun examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.
  • The boxers punched each other
  The couple love one another deeply
• Intensive pronouns – those ending in –self or –selves and that serve to emphasize their antecedents. These are almost identical to reflexive pronouns, but rather than just referring back to the subject of the sentence they work to reinforce the action. In many cases, the sentence would still make sense without the intensive pronoun.
  Intensive pronoun examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.
  • I will do it myself.
  • We made this pie ourselves.
  • A nation speaks for itself through elections.
  Notice how the intensive pronoun is working to emphasize the statement. The sentence would still technically be correct without the intensive pronoun, but it adds some important context to its meaning.

Pronoun Rules

There are a few important rules for using pronouns. As you read through these rules and the examples in the next section, notice how the pronoun rules are followed. Soon you’ll see that pronouns are easy to work with.

• Subject pronouns may be used to begin sentences. For example: We did a great job.
• Subject pronouns may also be used to rename the subject. For example: It was she who decided we should go to Hawaii.
• Indefinite pronouns don’t have antecedents. They are capable of standing on their own. For example: No one likes the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard.
• Object pronouns are used as direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions. These include: you, me, him, her, us, them, and it. For example: David talked to her about the mistake.
• Possessive pronouns show ownership. They do not need apostrophes. For example: The cat washed its

Examples of Pronouns

In the following examples, the pronouns are italicized.

1. We are going on vacation.
2. Don’t tell me that you can’t go with us.
3. Anybody who says it won’t be fun has no clue what they are talking about.
4. These are terribly steep stairs.
5. We ran into each other at the mall.
6. I’m not sure which is worse: rain or snow.
7. It is one of the nicest Italian restaurants in town.
8. Richard stared at himself in the mirror.
9. The laundry isn’t going to do itself.
10. Someone spilled orange juice all over the countertop!

Pronoun Exercises

The following exercises will help you gain greater understanding about how pronouns work. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

1. This is __________ speaking.
   1. John
   2. He
   3. He john
   4. Am
2. Greg is as smart as __________ is.
   1. I
   2. me
   3. she
   4. we
3. The dog chewed on __________ favorite toy.
   1. it’s
   2. it is
   3. its’
   4. its
4. It could have been __________ .
   1. Jerry
   2. anyone
   3. better
   4. more difficult
5. Terry is taller than __________ am.
   1. I
   2. me
   3. she
   4. we

Answers

1. B. This is he speaking.
2. C. Greg is as smart as she is.
3. D. The dog chewed on its favorite toy.
4. B. It could have been anyone.
5. A. Terry is taller than I am.

List of Pronouns

As you read through this list of pronouns, remember that each one of these pronouns is a word that can be used to take the place of a noun. Think about ways to use the pronouns on this list in sentences, as this will increase your understanding.

I

We

Me

Us

You

She

He

Her

Him

They

Them

It

That

Which

Who

Whom

Whose

Whichever

Whoever

Whomever

This

These

That

Those

Anybody

Anyone

Anything

Each

Either

Everyone

Everybody

Everything

Nobody

Neither

No one

Nothing

Somebody

One

Someone

Something

Few

Many

Both

Several

Any

All

Some

Most

None

Myself

Yourself

Ourselves

Yourselves

Herself

Himself

Themselves

Itself

Who

What

Which

Whose

Whom

0 How to solve a cryptic crossword – crack 10 of our clues

How to solve a cryptic crossword – crack 10 of our clues

The crossword is that rare thing: a healthy addiction. While there’s no shortage of ways to pass moments while travelling or taking a break, few leave your mind as thoroughly rebooted as a good puzzle.

If you don’t have long, the quick crossword takes the English language and turns its weirdness into a game. Most countries have some kind of crossword, but they’re full of names of places and people: trivia, you might call it.

The British quick is a different beast: it’s a linguistic workout – and one that only works in English. In the wake of countless immigrations and invasions, and later, as the empire borrowed and stole from around the globe, the English language became a unique jumble, where any given thing might have different names, and any word might mean many things. These ambiguities become part of the fun of crosswords, where “Press (4)” leads to URGE as neatly as it does to IRON.

The cryptic crossword, however, takes this to brain-bending new places. In a cryptic, a “Number of people in a theatre (12)” can be an ANAESTHETIST: a different kind of “theatre”, and “number” as one who numbs. The moment of enlightenment is a mental hit – a compulsive one.

It’s in its wordplay that the cryptic becomes an art form: “Natty, elegant and trim, primarily (4)” asks you to look at the words’ first letters; very NEAT. The cryptic-curious are often aware that puzzles will demand anagrams and acrostics, and despair of ever knowing what to look out for.

But the conventions are few and easily picked up; the Guardian site has a Cryptic crosswords for beginners series. It’s also worth solving with a friend – like any language, it comes more easily through conversation.

Once you’ve acquired the habit, you might be tempted to create a puzzle yourself. You’ll have no difficulty finding technical tools online, but you might find you make it too hard. A baffling puzzle is easier to set and much less satisfying to solve.

Remember: a decent puzzle has some easy clues, strategically placed, to get things going – and the harder clues must all yield eventually. The setter’s job is to put up a fight, but let the solver win, with a completed grid and a happy expression.

Agatha Christie once reflected on clues in a whodunnit. “It’s like making crossword puzzles,” she wrote. “You think it’s too idiotically simple and that everyone will guess it straight off, and you’re frightfully surprised when they simply can’t get it in the least.”

Cracking the clues

Here are the devices most commonly used by setters to guide you – however evasively – towards the answer. Think of it like a toolkit, where part of the fun is working out which tool to use next. For each, there’s a sample clue.

1. Double definition

These clues give two – often very different – meanings of the answer.

From Shed: “Alarming disclosure of beauty (9)”

2. Cryptic definition

The answer is described in a misleading way.

From Rufus: “They lead the way in the present transport system (8)”

3. Anagram

Half the clue gives a definition of the answer; the other half is a jumble of the letters in the answer, plus a hint (“dodgy”, “disorganised” etc) that they should be jumbled.

From Brendan: “Collection of documents found to be dodgy ie dross (7)”

4. Hidden

A definition, and some more words in which the answer is concealed, indicated by something like “among”, “amid”, or even “in”.

From Orlando: “In Scandinavia grandpa discovered potent drug (6)”

5. Reversal

A definition, and a description of a word which, when spelled backwards, gives the answer.

From Paul: “Statement by filmed divorcee, retracted (6)”

6. Acrostic

A definition, and a hint to take the first letters of some other words for the answer.

From Bunthorne: “Does he lead prayer for openers? Is Mohammed a Muslim? (4)”

7. Soundalike

Along with the definition, and a hint that you should see what another word sounds like, maybe by “saying” it aloud.

From Araucaria: “Bond’s said to be Asian (4)”

Before you check your answers below, here are three clues written by Guardian setters that are all-time favourites of their solvers and peers:

8. From Paul

“Potty train (4)”

9. From Bunthorne

“Amundsen’s forwarding address (4)”

10. From Rufus

“Two girls, one on each knee (7)”

Alan Connor is the question editor on the quiz show Only Connect. To order a copy of his book Two Girls, One on Each Knee for £7.19 (RRP £8.99), visitbookshop.theguardian.com

Answers:

1. BOMBSHELL (as in, say, “on that bombshell” and “blonde bombshell”)

2. REINDEER (“present” as a noun rather than an adjective)

3. DOSSIER (anagram of “ie dross”)

4. VIAGRA (hidden in “Scandinavia grandpa”)

5. REMARK (“Kramer” reversed)

6. IMAM (first letters of “Is Mohammed a Muslim”)

7. THAI (sounds like “tie”)

8. LOCO (double definition)

9. MUSH (cryptic definition)

10. PATELLA (“Pat” and “Ella”)

0 Interaksi Manusia dan Mesin/Komputer pada Film Ex Machina

Masih ingat beberapa hari yang lalu saya tengah menikmati film bertemakan Artificial Intelligence berjudul Chappie, yang sangat memusingkan kepala dan melelahkan mata. Bukan karena alurnya yang sulit dicerna, melainkan karena pengemasannya, terutama eksekusinya yang sangat kacau balau di sana sini. Dengan hadirnya Ex Machina yang rilis di tahun dan dengan tema yang sama ini, rasanya memberikan ‘obat penyegar’ untuk melupakan segala kacau balau di Chappie tadi.

Setelah nonton film ini jadi tau pemainnya. Pemainnya ada Caleb, Nathan, Ava dan Kyoko. Singkat saja si Caleb menang undian untuk datang ke tempat tinggal dan risetnya si Nathan. Tanpa pikir panjang, Caleb menyetujuinya dan datang ke tempat Nathan berada. Nathan memberi tahu kepada Caleb bahwa ia telah membuat robot dengan kecerdasan buatan(Artificial Intelligence) yang ia beri nama Ava. Nathan memberikan tugas kepada Caleb untuk melakukan Turing Test kepada Ava. Dari situlah, perkenalan awal Caleb dengan robot yang berwujud seperti perempuan.

  

Dari situlah, perkenalan awal Caleb dengan sang robot berkecerdasan buatan bernama Ava (Alicia Vikander) bermula. Dari pertemuan awal tersebut, Caleb hanya melontarkan pertanyaan-pertanyaan sederhana terkait siapa sesungguhnya jati diri Ava. Di balik layar, ada Nathan yang mengawasi dan selalu mencatat setiap perkembangan dari Ava. Semakin lama, Caleb semakin akrab dengan Ava. Sebagai ganti dari Caleb yang mencoba mencari tahu siapa dirinya, Ava pun ingin tahu lebih banyak lagi mengenai Caleb. Hingga suatu ketika, Ava membicarakan sesuatu yang bersifat menggoyahkan pemikiran Caleb di tempat tersebut.  

Nathan sendiri merupakan pemilik perusahaan search engine bernama Blue Book. Lokasi risetnya yang terbilang rahasia dan tertutup ternyata ia hanya tinggal berdua dengan Ava dan Kyoko. Sebelumnya saya sudah mengetahui bahwa Ava itu robot dan Kyoko saya kira manusia ternyata ia robot juga. Kyoko merupakan riset Nathan yang memiliki cerita tersendiri. Di dalam alur Kyoko tidak memiliki kemampuan berbicara, tapi ia mengerti sensor suara dan gerakan. Terlihat ketika Nathan menyalakan musik bersama Caleb, dan kyoko pun bergoyang.

Karakter Ava benar-benar mendekati manusia. Mulai dari cara ia bertanya dengan pertanyaan yang membuat Caleb tersentuh, hingga ia memilih pakaian yang tepat untuk ia pakai. Kemampuan dan pengetahuannya berasal dari dari Blue Book yang sudah tersinkronisasi. Hubungan dekat antara Caleb dan Ava semakian terasa. Dari mulanya melakukan percakapan yang merupakan bagian dari tes, kemudian berlanjut pada percakapan yang bersifat pribadi, Caleb sepertinya jatuh cinta pada Ava(cie). Suatu ketika Caleb mencoba mengakses file riset Nathan. Caleb kaget ketika mendapati rekaman riset gagal sebelum Ava lahir. Terpikir dalam benak Caleb untuk merencanankan rahasia kabur.

Pas endingnya tragis, Nathan mati oleh buatannya sendiri si Ava dan Kyoko. Caleb ditinggal pergi sama Ava dengan janji manisnya yang katanya mau kabur bareng. Akhirnya Ava berhasil kabur nggak ngajak-ngajak yang lain dari rumah yang terbilang sangat aman. Hubungan interaksi manusia dengan komputer dalam bentuk robot yang benar-benar menyerupai manusia ternyata memiliki dampak yang tidak diketahui entah positif atau negatif. Terlihat dari film ini, Caleb bisa jatuh hati pada Ava hingga pencipta mati oleh ciptaannya. Positif kalau orangnya sendiri juga positif begitu juga dengan negatif. Kalau saya sendiri ogah tinggal bareng sama robot kayak gini walaupun dari Interface sendiri sangat meyakinkan. Sekian dari saya terima kasih.

Kesimpulan pada film ini adalah kemajuan teknologi sekarang sampai masa yang akan datang akan semakin canggih, mungkin saja manusia dengan robot dapat bekerja atau hidup secara berdampingan. dan pasti akan memiliki danpak positif dan negatif yang besar pula.